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Can the Food We Eat Change our Genes?

Can the Food We Eat Change our Genes? - Spectrum Care Plus

Here’s some very interesting data from Science Direct:  

“Almost all of our genes may be influenced by the food we eat, suggests new research published today in the journal Nature Microbiology. The study, carried out in yeast -- which can be used to model some of the body's fundamental processes -- shows that while the activity of our genes influences our metabolism, the opposite is also true and the nutrients available to cells influence our genes.

“The behaviour of our cells is determined by a combination of the activity of its genes and the chemical reactions needed to maintain the cells, known as metabolism. Metabolism works in two directions: the breakdown of molecules to provide energy for the body and the production of all compounds needed by the cells.

“Knowing the genome -- the complete DNA 'blueprint' of an organism -- can provide a substantial amount of information about how a particular organism will look. However, this does not give the complete picture: genes can be regulated by other genes or regions of DNA, or by 'epigenetic' modifiers -- small molecules attached to the DNA that act like switches to turn genes on and off.

“Previous studies have suggested that another player in gene regulation may exist: the metabolic network -- the biochemical reactions that occur within an organism. These reactions mainly depend on the nutrients a cell has available -- the sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and vitamins that are derived from the food we eat.

“To examine the scale at which this happens, an international team of researchers, led by Dr Markus Ralser at the University of Cambridge and the Francis Crick Institute, London, addressed the role of metabolism in the most basic functionality of a cell. They did so using yeast cells. Yeast is an ideal model organism for large scale experiments at it is much simpler to manipulate than animal models, yet many of its important genes and fundamental cellular mechanisms are the same as or very similar to those in animals and humans.

“The researchers manipulated the levels of important metabolites -- the products of metabolic reactions -- in the yeast cells and examined how this affected the behaviour of the genes and the molecules they produced. Almost nine out of ten genes and their products were affected by changes in cellular metabolism.

"Cellular metabolism plays a far more dynamic role in the cells than we previously thought," explains Dr Ralser. "Nearly all of a cell's genes are influenced by changes to the nutrients they have access to. In fact, in many cases the effects were so strong, that changing a cell's metabolic profile could make some of its genes behave in a completely different manner.

"The classical view is that genes control how nutrients are broken down into important molecules, but we've shown that the opposite is true, too: how the nutrients break down affects how our genes behave."

This study makes an important argument for why we must ensure we are filling our children's diet with highly nutritious foods. In this way, we are supporting an optimum metabolism and better overall health.

Read the full article here:  

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